Below is a deep‑dive on **every regulated open‑ended fund category available under the BVI Securities and Investment Business Act 2010 (SIBA)**—Private, Professional, Public, Incubator and Approved Funds—together with a practical look at SPC “cell” overlays and the banking routes most often used to run these funds from, or alongside, the BVI. A 20‑parameter matrix at the end lets you benchmark the vehicles at a glance.
Key take‑aways (read this first)
- Professional and Private Funds remain the work‑horses for large crypto and multi‑asset vehicles because they carry no head‑count or AUM caps yet only require a two‑page recognition filing plus a US $2,050 composite fee. (Harneys)
- Incubator and Approved Funds offer the cheapest regulatory runway (flat FSC renewal fee US 20 m or US $100 m AUM respectively—perfect for proof‑of‑concept token strategies. (Conyers, Harneys)
- Public Funds unlock true retail capital but triple your compliance load (full prospectus vetting, compulsory custodian, board fit‑and‑proper tests, audited GAAP accounts). (BVI Financial Services Commission, BVI Financial Services Commission)
- Segregated Portfolio Companies (SPCs) act as an optional “cell wrapper” on top of Private, Professional or Public funds where you want separate vaults for different token sleeves; each new cell costs US $350 at the FSC. (Harneys)
- Banking is the choke‑point:
- Local: VP Bank (BVI) asks for a US $100 k relationship minimum. (VP Bank)
- U.S.: Customers Bank’s CBIT network opens with US 100 k to avoid charges. (Customers Bank)
- Other hubs: Bank Frick (Liechtenstein) on‑boards funds with a CHF 500 yearly account fee, while Swiss digital‑asset bank Sygnum requires CHF 100 k for corporates. (bankfrick.li, Sygnum Bank)
- Zero‑fee fintech: Mercury offers FDIC‑swept operating accounts with no balance minimum; useful for U.S. treasury ops. (Mercury)
1 Fund categories in depth
1.1 Private Fund
- Who can invest – unlimited ticket size but either ≤50 holders or offers made only on a “private basis”. (Harneys)
- Forms & fees – Recognition on Form MF4 (+ Part 4 supplement); composite application/recognition fee US 1,200; Registry licence US $550–1,350 depending on share cap. (Harneys, Ogier)
- Timing – 3–5 business days once the authorised representative uploads the pack via FSC REEFS. (Harneys)
- Complexities – annual audit (unless SPC exemption), economic‑substance self‑return, FATCA/CRS by 31 May. (BVI Financial Services Commission, Ogier)
1.2 Professional Fund
- Who can invest – only “professional investors” (net worth ≥US 100 k; no investor cap. (Carey Olsen)
- Forms & fees – same MF4 pack; same US 1,200 annual FSC fee. (Harneys)
- Fast‑track launch – may begin dealing immediately after filing if functionaries are from a “recognised jurisdiction”, then wait 21 days for ex‑post FSC confirmation. (Appleby)
- Typical Web3 users – Pantera Blockchain Fund I, Multicoin Capital Master Fund and similar Cayman “feeder” mirrors.
1.3 Public Fund
- Retail‑facing with no investor or AUM limits.
- Prospectus vetted by FSC + Public Funds Code 2021 governance tests. (BVI Financial Services Commission)
- Fees – US 1,800 registration; US $1,800 annual renewal. (Carey Olsen)
- Mandatory service providers – manager, administrator and custodian at all times. (BVI Financial Services Commission)
- Trade‑offs – longer (6‑10 week) lead time and higher legal spend (≈ US $50–70 k) but enables global exchange listings. (totalserve-live-7538af93d0344058b43d149-8a415b5.divio-media.com)
1.4 Incubator Fund
- Startup sandbox capped at 20 investors, US 20 k min ticket. (Conyers)
- Application – Form IB‑A2‑IAF; fee US 1,200. (BVI Financial Services Commission, Harneys)
- No audit but must file semi‑annual report and abbreviated investment warning instead of full OM. (Mourant, Harneys)
- Two directors (one individual) minimum. (Fast Offshore)
- Exit route – auto‑lapses after two years unless upgraded to Approved/Professional.
1.5 Approved Fund
- Long‑hold private club – 20 investor cap, no minimum ticket, AUM ceiling US $100 m. (Harneys)
- Forms/fees identical to Incubator (Form IB‑A2‑IAF, US 1,200 p.a.).
- Audit optional; must appoint an administrator but can dispense with custodian. (Harneys)
1.6 Segregated Portfolio Company overlay
Any Private, Professional or Public Fund (and, since 2023, Incubator/Approved) can convert to an SPC to issue legally ring‑fenced “cells”. Add FSC fee US 350 per cell on application and annually. (Harneys)
2 Core application documents
| Fund class | Governing regs | Primary FSC form(s) | Key supporting docs |
| Private / Professional | Mutual Funds Regs 2020 | MF4 + Part 4 addendum | Memorandum & Articles, Offering Memorandum, service‑provider consents, director KYC |
| Public | SIBA s.41 & Public Funds Code 2021 | MF1 (registration) | Full prospectus (sec. 8 requirements), audited opening NAV, board affidavits |
| Incubator / Approved | Incubator & Approved Funds Regs 2015 | IB‑A2‑IAF | Two‑page investment strategy statement & investment warning |
| SPC overlay | Segregated Portfolio Co. Regs 2018 | SPC Application | Cell‑by‑cell OM / investment warning |
(See FSC forms library for MF and SPC templates.) (BVI Financial Services Commission)
3 Cost stack (government and professional)
| Item | Private / Professional | Public | Incubator / Approved |
| Government application | US $2,050 ( Harneys ) | US $1,800 (Carey Olsen) | US $2,000 ( Harneys ) |
| Annual FSC renewal | US $1,200 (BVI Financial Services Commission) | US $1,800 (Carey Olsen) | US $1,200 (Ogier) |
| Registry licence (company) | US $550 ≤ 50k shares; US $1,350 > 50k ( Ogier) | same | same |
| Typical legal & launch | US $15‑25 k (simple master‑feeder) (Michael Coglianese CPA, P.C.) | US $50‑70 k (full prospectus) ( totalserve-live-7538af93d0344058b43d149-8a415b5.divio-media.com ) | US $8‑15 k (light docs) ( Harneys) |
4 Banking options
| Bank | Jurisdiction | Crypto policy & min balance | Typical use‑case |
| VP Bank (BVI) Ltd | Road Town | min. US $100 k for non‑residents (VP Bank) | local operating account, subscription monies |
| Customers Bank (CBIT) | USA (PA) | opens from US $50; CBIT instant USD rail; crypto firms must maintain ≥US $100 k working capital ( Customers Bank) | 24/7 fiat on‑/off‑ramp |
| Mercury | USA (partner banks) | zero min; no monthly fee (Mercury) | treasury sweep, USD wires |
| Bank Frick | Liechtenstein | CHF 500 annual fee; no fixed min but UCITS/AIF want EUR 1.25 m NAV within 12 m ( bankfrick.li,{' '} bankfrick.li) | EU custodian + crypto prime |
| Sygnum Bank | Zürich | onboarding threshold CHF 100 k deposit ( Sygnum Bank) | staking, tokenised shares custody |
BVI funds routinely keep a local VP Bank account for statutory “place of business” purposes and run trading/settlement through offshore correspondents such as Bank Frick or CBIT.
5 Twenty‑parameter comparison matrix
| # | Parameter | Private | Professional | Public | Incubator | Approved |
| 1 | Investor cap | ≤50 or private offer (Harneys) | Unlimited | Unlimited | 20 | 20 |
| 2 | Investor type | Any | “Professional” only (Carey Olsen) | Retail | Any | Any |
| 3 | Min subscription | None | US $100 k (Carey Olsen) | None | US $20 k (Conyers) | None |
| 4 | AUM cap | None | None | None | US $20 m (Conyers) | US $100 m ( Harneys ) |
| 5 | Governing regs | Mutual Funds Regs 2020 | Same | SIBA s.41 & PF Code | Incubator & Approved Regs 2015 | Same |
| 6 | Main form | MF4 | MF4 | MF1 | IB‑A2‑IAF | IB‑A2‑IAF |
| 7 | App fee (US$) | 2,050 ( Harneys ) | 2,050 ( Harneys ) | 1,800 (Carey Olsen) | 2,000 ( Harneys ) | 2,000 ( Harneys ) |
| 8 | FSC renewal | 1,200 (BVI Financial Services Commission) | 1,200 | 1,800 | 1,200 | 1,200 |
| 9 | Audit duty | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Optional |
| 10 | Offering document | Full OM | Full OM | FSC‑vetted Prospectus | Investment warning | Investment warning |
| 11 | Approval time | 3–5 days | 1 day fast‑track | 6–10 weeks | 2–3 days | 2–3 days |
| 12 | Admin mandatory | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| 13 | Custodian mandatory | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| 14 | Min directors | 2 | 2 | 3 ind. (no corporates) (BVI Financial Services Commission) | 2 (≥1 natural) (Fast Offshore) | 2 |
| 15 | Local authorised rep | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 16 | Economic‑substance return | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 17 | FATCA/CRS | Annual by 31 May (Ogier) | Same | Same | Same | Same |
| 18 | Eligible vehicles | Co, LP, Unit trust | Co, LP, Unit trust | Co, LP, Unit trust | Co, LP | Co, LP |
| 19 | SPC compatible | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ (since 2023) | ✔ |
| 20 | Example Web3 fund | Multicoin Offshore | Pantera Blockchain | — (retail not yet used) | Early‑stage NFT index pilots | 100 Acre DeFi Opportunities |
Final pointers for setting up a blockchain‑heavy fund
- Map token‑flows before you file so your OM or investment warning already addresses whether the fund will stake, lend or act as a VASP—this avoids post‑launch amendment fees.
- Pre‑clear banking: get a soft yes from VP Bank (BVI) and at least one USD correspondent (CBIT, Mercury) before you spend on legal drafts.
- Document service‑provider reliance (oracle pricing, custodian hot‑wallet arrangements) in minutes; the FSC increasingly asks for this at audit.
- Plan your upgrade path: managers often go Incubator ➜ Professional in 24 months once track record and AUM exceed the caps.
This overview reflects statutory fee schedules and FSC practice current as of 27 May 2025. Always check the FSC fee notice published each January before filing.